Test Case
A documented set of conditions, inputs, actions, and expected results that a tester follows to verify whether a specific feature or function works correctly.
A well-written test case typically includes: a unique identifier, a title, preconditions, step-by-step instructions, test data, expected results, and actual results. Test cases can be manual (executed by a human) or automated (executed by code). They form the building blocks of a test suite and are often mapped to acceptance criteria or requirements to ensure coverage.
Why It Matters for QA Teams
Clear test cases make testing repeatable and consistent across team members, ensuring that nothing is tested differently depending on who runs the test.
Example
TC-042: Verify login with valid credentials
Precondition: User account exists with email test@example.com.
Step 1: Navigate to /login.
Step 2: Enter email 'test@example.com' and password 'ValidPass123!'.
Step 3: Click 'Sign In.'
Expected Result: User is redirected to the dashboard and sees a 'Welcome back' message.